原文期刊：自然
原文标题：Parent, carer… #And A Scientist
本文作者为英国皇家学会院士、剑桥大学植物科学系的Ottoline Leyser教授。她拥有丰富的科研经历并在科学职业道路上取得了非凡的成就，在本文中她鼓励科研人员将科研职业和科研之外的生活紧密结合起来，这不仅有利于个人的发展，也有利于科学领域储备多样化的人才。
【原文】
I ①Science needs diversity. ②Solving complex problems is more likely if there are diverse people, bringing diverse perspectives and diverse skills to bear on them. ③The imaginative and interesting people science needs find inspiration in the most unexpected places–both inside and outside the lab; in their personal and family lives and their other responsibilities and commitments.
II ①Working environments that embrace diversity are exciting and creative. ②They can also be challenging and uncomfortable. ③While it may be reassuring to work with people who agree with you all day long, you’re much less likely to come up with anything new. ④It’s unfortunate that such a large part of science is done by a homogeneous group of people who all look like each other. ⑤This state of affairs is maintained in part by the positive feedback that comes from unconscious bias, where appointments and promotion committees disproportionately select people similar to themselves.
III ①This problem has been recognized for a long time, particularly in the context of gender diversity, but it is complicated. ②In the physical sciences, the major problem is getting a wider range of people in at undergraduate level. ③For the life sciences it is keeping a wider range of people in the subject beyond post-doctoral level. ④The choices people make at all career stages are influenced by many different factors, but one, as highlighted in a recent report for WISE, is their perception that particular roles are not for people like them. ⑤This further encourages positive feedback.
IV ①Many of the visitors to Naturejobs will be at the point of deciding whether to stay on an academic career path, or move into any one of a wide range of science or research-related roles, or to do something altogether unrelated. ②I have spoken with many people considering this over the years. ③It’s a difficult one, precisely because there are so many attractive options. ④However, many people seem to make their choice for negative rather than positive reasons. ⑤A career in academic science looks too insecure, too competitive, and too focused on narrow criteria for success. ⑥There’s the perception that you have to work long hours, know the right people and work on a fashionable topic.
V ①In short, talented and imaginative people who were motivated to train in research because it is exciting and fulfilling are opting for other careers because a long-term career in research science looks unattractive. ②That leaves research science with people who like competition, long hours, and growing their h-index. ③I, for one, am very keen to break these feedback cycles.
【词汇短语】
1. bring sth to bear (on sb/sth) v. 把精力用于；对…施加压力（或影响等）
2. reassuring [.ri:ə’ʃʊərɪŋ] a. 令人感到宽慰的；令人放心的
3.homogeneous[həʊməʊ’dʒi:niəs]a.同类的，同质的
4.*disproportionately[dɪsprə’pɔ:ʃənətlɪ]adv.不同比例的，比例过大的
5. at the point of 接近，靠近
6. There’s the perception that 有一种观点/看法是…
7. opt for v. 选取，赞成
（注：标*的为超纲词）
【翻译点评】
I ①Science needs diversity. ②Solving complex problems is more likely if there are diverse people, bringing diverse perspectives and diverse skills to bear on them. ③The imaginative and interesting people science needs find inspiration in the most unexpected places–both inside and outside the lab; in their personal and family lives and their other responsibilities and commitments.
翻译：科学需要多样性。多元化人才使复杂问题得到解决的可能性更大科学家的英文，他们会用多元的视角和技能来应对问题的解决。科学所需要的那些富有想象力的有趣之人是在最意想不到的地方发现灵感的–既在实验室内也在实验室之外；在他们的个人和家庭生活中，以及他们所负责和承担的其他事务中。
点评：段 I 开篇引出本文要讨论的主题：科学需要多样性。①句为开篇主旨句，统领贯穿全文。②③句分别从“多元的人才”和“多元的灵感来源”两个角度具体解释“科学需要多样性”的原因。②句连用三次diverse 呼应主旨句，强调多元化人才带来的多元视角和技能；bring sth to bear on sth 意为“把（精力、影响等）用于/施加于…”(to use energy, pressure, influence, etc. to try to achieve sth or make sb do sth)。③句破折号之后并列连用多个地点状语是对破折号之前“unexpected places”的解释说明，强调科学灵感来源多样化，不是局限于科学工作场所。
II ①Working environments that embrace diversity are exciting and creative. ②They can also be challenging and uncomfortable. ③While it may be reassuring to work with people who agree with you all day long, you’re much less likely to come up with anything new. ④It’s unfortunate that such a large part of science is done by a homogeneous group of people who all look like each other. ⑤This state of affairs is maintained in part by the positive feedback that comes from unconscious bias, where appointments and promotion committees disproportionately select people similar to themselves.
翻译：倡导多样性的工作环境会令人兴奋并激发创造性。它们也可能会富有挑战性，令人不舒服。尽管和整天与你意见一致的人共事会让人放心，但是你不太可能拿出什么新东西。科学中的大部分工作是由一群彼此非常相似的人完成的，这是不幸的。这种情形得以维持的部分原因是无意识偏见造成的正面反馈，(由于无意识偏见) 任命和晋升委员会更偏向挑选那些与他们自己相似的人。
点评：段 II 转折指出多样性也会让人不安心，这造成科学工作者喜欢同那些与自己相似的人共事。①句首先让步指出工作环境充满多样性的好处。②句转折指出多样性的负面性：有挑战性，令人不舒服。③句又从反面说明多样性的好处：缺乏多样性不利于创新。④⑤句论述当前科学工作领域缺乏多样性的现状（④）及其原因（⑤）: This state of affairs (现状，情形)回指④句论述的情形：a large part of science is done by a homogeneous group of people；disproportionate意为too large or too small when compared with something sth else“不成比例的”，此处表示过多地挑选与自己相似的人。
III ①This problem has been recognized for a long time, particularly in the context of gender diversity, but it is complicated. ②In the physical sciences, the major problem is getting a wider range of people in at undergraduate level. ③For the life sciences it is keeping a wider range of people in the subject beyond post-doctoral level. ④The choices people make at all career stages are influenced by many different factors, but one, as highlighted in a recent report for WISE, is their perception that particular roles are not for people like them. ⑤This further encourages positive feedback.
翻译：这个问题很久之前就被意识到了，尤其是在性别多样性的背景下，但是它却很复杂。在物理科学领域，需要解决的主要问题是在本科生层次招收更广泛的学生。对于生命科学领域来说，是在博士后以上层次的学科中保留更广泛的人才。人们在所有的职业发展阶段所作出的选择都会受到各种不同因素的影响，但是他们认为，正如WISE组织最近的一份报告所显示，一些特定职位不适合他们那样的人。这就进一步促进了正面反馈。
点评：段 III 详细解释“科学领域缺乏多样性”这一问题的复杂性。①句总领该段，概括指出：这个问题很复杂（complicated）。②③④⑤句具体解释①句：②③分别从物理科学和生命科学领域指出问题的复杂性，physical sciences，物理科学，指生命科学之外的自然科学，包括物理学、化学、地质学和天文学等；④⑤句从职业发展角度指出人们认为有些职位不适合自己，侧面说明某些职位缺乏多样性的原因，短语one is their perception that用于引出“他们的一个观点/看法”。
IV ①Many of the visitors to Naturejobs will be at the point of deciding whether to stay on an academic career path, or move into any one of a wide range of science or research-related roles, or to do something altogether unrelated. ②I have spoken with many people considering this over the years. ③It’s a difficult one, precisely because there are so many attractive options. ④However, many people seem to make their choice for negative rather than positive reasons. ⑤A career in academic science looks too insecure, too competitive, and too focused on narrow criteria for success. ⑥There’s the perception that you have to work long hours, know the right people and work on a fashionable topic.
翻译：Naturejobs网站的许多访客将来都要决定是要留在学术职业道路上，还是到更广泛的科学或研究相关领域谋得一职科学家的英文网赚项目，或者是做毫不相关的事情。多年来我与很多人都谈论过这个职业选择话题。做选择很难，恰恰是因为有太多富有诱惑力的选项。可是，似乎很多人都是出于消极原因做出选择，而不是积极原因。学术科学领域内的职业似乎太不安全了，竞争太激烈，而且过分重视衡量成功的狭窄标准。有观点指出，你必须长时间工作，认识合适的人，并且选一个时髦的研究课题。
点评：段 IV 从职业选择角度进一步分析人们在进行职业选择时放弃学术职业的原因。①句指出自然科学领域中的求职者将来都会面临的职业选择：留在学术领域，还是寻求学术领域之外的职务，两个并列连词or连接了三个递进的职业选择：从与学术科研关系最紧密的职业到与学术科研完全无关的职业（something altogether unrelated）。②句开始引出作者与许多人交流后的看法。③④⑤⑥句具体阐述作者与多人交流后获得的观点和看法：③指出由于选项多，抉择很困难；④句转折指出（虽然选项很多）许多人却出于消极原因做出职业选择；⑤⑥句具体解释④句的消极原因：学术科研职业风险多（too insecure）、竞争大（too competitive），还有观点认为学术职业工作时间长、要选择时髦前沿的研究课题（fashionable topic）等。
V ①In short, talented and imaginative people who were motivated to train in research because it is exciting and fulfilling are opting for other careers because a long-term career in research science looks unattractive. ②That leaves research science with people who like competition, long hours, and growing their h-index. ③I, for one, am very keen to break these feedback cycles.
翻译：总之，那些富有才华和创新意识的人，当初因为学术研究令人振奋且使人充实而主动接受科研训练，现在更倾向于选择其他职业，因为科学研究领域的长期职业似乎缺乏吸引力。这就把科学研究（职位）留给了那些喜欢竞争、长时间工作和提升H指数的人。就我个人来说，我非常希望打破这些反馈循环。
点评：段 V 总结全文，概括总结科研人员的职业选择倾向造成科学领域的人才缺乏多样性。①句通过对比富有才华和创新意识的人过去和现在的选择意向，强调他们现在更多地选择科研之外的职业， 第一组对比为时态对比：who引导的定语从句说明的是过去的情形（were motivated）VS主句说明的是当前正在进行的情形（are opting），第二组对比是“令人振奋且使人充实”（exciting and fulfilling）VS“缺乏吸引力”（unattractive）。②句紧承①句对比引出喜欢长期学术职业的一类人，同时也进一步印证科研领域人才缺乏多样性的原因，That回指①句所述的职业选择意向，leaves research science with people强调上一类人职业选择意向所造成的后果。
右下角的每一枚“好看”
