在英语中，动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，是由动词原形加-ing构成的。如do-doing，write-writing等。下面就谈谈英语动词-ing 形式的基本结构及用法：
一．基本结构：
1.一般直接在动词后面加-ing。如：read-reading, grow-growing, open-opening
2.以不发音的e结尾的单词，先去掉e，然后再加-ing。如：shade-shading, slide-sliding
3.以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加-ing。如：begin-beginning chat-chatting
4. 特殊的：lie-lying , tie-tying, die-dying
二．基本用法：
动词的-ing形式能在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，但是不能单独作谓语。
1. 动名词：
动名词是一种非限定动词互联网项目，它兼有动词或名词的特征。在句中可作主语、表语、定语等，常见用法如下：
（1）作主语。通常表示抽象动作。如：
Travelling to Tibet must be exciting.
Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
（2）作表语，表示抽象的动作，说明主语的内容。如：
His hobby is collecting stamps.
（3）作宾语，位于动词或介词后面。如：
① 常接动名词作宾语的动词有avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, complete, forgive, practice, mind, stop, love, like, dislike等。如：
Have you finished writing your composition?
② 常接动名词作宾语的介词或含有介词的短语有be interested in, stop…from…, be good at, do well in, be talented at, what about…, feel like, a way of 等。如：
Can you think of a way of working out this problem?
Trees can stop wind or water from carrying away the soil.
（4）作定语，说明所修饰名词的用途。
There is a swimming pool in the park.
2. 现在分词
（1）跟be动词（am, is, are或was, were）一起作谓语： 现在分词常用于现在或过去进行时态，与be动词（am, is, are或was, were）一起作句子的谓语。如：The boys are playing games.
They were chatting on the Internet at this time yesterday.
（2）作定语，a. 表示主动或动作正在进行。如：
The girl standing under the tree is my sister. （被修饰词 the girl与 standing存在逻辑上的主谓关系）
b. 表示正在被做的动作， being done是现在分词的被动形式，在句中作定语。如：
The problem being discussed now is of great importance.
（3）作表语，表示主语的特征。如：
The news he told me is so surprising that I hardly believe it.
（4）作宾语补足语，表示宾语执行的动作正在进行，常用于see / hear sb. doing sth.等句型中。如：
Listen to him speaking, please!
We heard her laughing in her room.
（5）作状语，一般作时间、原因、伴随或结果等状语。如：
Reaching the top of the mountain, I found it was snowing. (时间状语)
Remembering dad`s birthday was soon, I began to prepare some gifts for him.（时间或原因状语）
Being badly off, he wants to stand out in everything. 因为贫穷，他干什么都想出人头地。（原因状语）
For the sake of convenience, people use plastic bags in their daily life, leaving large amount of waste.（结果状语）
Jane sat under the tree singing. 简坐在树下唱歌。（伴随状语）
Having driven all day, he was rather tired.开了一整天的车，她相当累。（原因状语）
注意：本句为现在分词的完成式句式：having done，表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，同时分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前。
三．练习
1. The high-speed railway from Bijie to Guiyang has been built, it much more convenient for people to travel to and from Guiyang.
A. make B. makes C. to make D. making
2. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity.
A. Watch B. Watching C. Watched D. Being watched
3. I think Journey to the West is well worthwhile ______．
A. watch B. watching C. watches D. watched
4.–Would you mind ____ the window?
–It’s a little cold.
A. open B. opening C. close D. closing
5. Many office workers used to____ to work, but now they like using public transportation. They are used to____ the bus.
A. drive; taking B. driving; taking C. driving; take D. drive; take
6. （全国2卷） At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _____ could be heard outside the classrooms.
A. opened and closed B. to be opened the closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
答案：C
解析：根据所提供的情景at the beginning of class可判断出“在上课开始的时候，在教室外边可以听到桌子被打开和关上的声音”。being+动词-ed是现在分词的被动形式，在句中作定语确定英文，表示正在被做的动作。故选C项。A项为动词-ed形式作定语表示已经完成的动作。B项为不定式的被动式作定语表示将要被做的事。D项为不定式作定语表示将要做的事，A、B和D均不符合句意。
7.（湖南高考）As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved
答案：B. 句意：当交通灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，没有动并且问自己，我到底准备干什么去。A项是个陷阱，如选A则stood, moved和asked构成三个并列的谓语，而谓语的否定应是didn't move而不是not moved。B项和not构成分词否定修饰stood。C项和D项不符合句意。
8.（上海高考）It is believed that if a book is________, it will surely _____the reader.
A. interested ; interest B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest
答案:D
解析：“令人感兴趣的”需要用现在分词interesting作表语确定英文，第二个空需要用动词interest作谓语,意思是“使人感兴趣”。
9.（2021 深圳统考）I know my dream will come true if I keep work hard for it. (改错)
KEY：1-5. DBBDA 6-8.CBD 9. work →working
